Fucoidan cures infection with both antimony-susceptible and -resistant strains of Leishmania donovani through Th1 response and macrophage-derived oxidants.

Asiaticoside induces tumour-necrosis-factor-α-mediated nitric oxide production to cure experimental visceral leishmaniasis caused by antimony-susceptible and -resistant Leishmania donovani strains.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate and characterize the efficacy of asiaticoside in an experimental model of visceral leishmaniasis caused by antimony-susceptible (AG83) and -resistant (GE1F8R and K39) Leishmania donovani. METHODS The effect of asiaticoside was evaluated by microscopic counting of intracellular amastigotes in cultured macrophages stained with Giemsa. The anti...

Leishmania donovani of Antimony-Susceptible and -Resistant Strains Induces Protection against Both Cell-Mediated Immune Response and Frame F DNA Vaccine Leads to Enhanced Ubiquitin Conjugation of Open Reading

Evidence that the high incidence of treatment failures in Indian kala-azar is due to the emergence of antimony-resistant strains of Leishmania donovani.

The possibility that the high frequency of treatment failures in Indian kala-azar might be due to infection with antimony-resistant strains of Leishmania donovani has not been experimentally addressed. L. donovani isolates were obtained from splenic aspiration smears of 24 patients in Bihar, India, who either did not respond (15) or did respond (9) to 1 or more full courses of treatment with so...

Western Blot Analysis of Sera from Leishmania major-Infected BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mice

In Leishmania (L.) major-infected BALB/c mice Th2-type cells results in disease progression, whereas C57BL/6-infected mice mount a Th1-type response, which leads to control of the infection. Th2 response correlates with IgG1 whereas, Th1 response supports switching to IgG2a subclasses. Since IgG isotype-dominated response depends on different CD4 + T cell subsets, we studied the antigenic profi...

Pentostam induces resistance to antimony and the preservative chlorocresol in Leishmania donovani promastigotes and axenically grown amastigotes.

An axenic amastigote culture system was utilized to directly assess the stage-specific antileishmanial effects of antimony on amastigotes of Leishmania donovani devoid of the macrophage host cell. Pentostam, which contains antimony in the form of sodium stibogluconate and the preservative chlorocresol, was used. Cell density was quantified by measuring the activity of the stable enzyme ornithin...